Ezra 1
Big idea: The exile ends by imperial memo. A Persian king announces that the God of heaven has told him to build a house in Jerusalem, invites any of the exiles who wish to go, tells their neighbours to fund them — and hands back the temple vessels, counted out one by one.
The decree names who may go; chapter 2 is the list of who actually went, which is a much smaller number than the population of the exile.
1:1–11 — The decree of Cyrus
The dating is 538 BC, the first year of Cyrus's rule over Babylon, and the narrator's framing is that Yahweh stirred the king's spirit to fulfil Jeremiah's word. Cyrus's own language is worth reading carefully: he credits Yahweh, God of heaven, with giving him all the kingdoms of the earth — which is what he says, in local terms, of other gods in other places. The Cyrus Cylinder records the same policy of restoring displaced peoples and their sanctuaries across the empire.
1 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that Yahweh’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, 2 “Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘Yahweh, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. 3 Whoever there is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of Yahweh, the God of Israel (he is God), which is in Jerusalem. 4 Whoever is left, in any place where he lives, let the men of his place help him with silver, with gold, with goods, and with animals, in addition to the free will offering for God’s house which is in Jerusalem.’” 5 Then the heads of fathers’ households of Judah and Benjamin, the priests and the Levites, all whose spirit God had stirred to go up, rose up to build Yahweh’s house which is in Jerusalem. 6 All those who were around them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, with animals, and with precious things, in addition to all that was willingly offered. 7 Also Cyrus the king brought out the vessels of Yahweh’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought out of Jerusalem, and had put in the house of his gods; 8 even those, Cyrus king of Persia brought out by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and counted them out to Sheshbazzar the prince of Judah. 9 This is the number of them: thirty platters of gold, one thousand platters of silver, twenty-nine knives, 10 thirty bowls of gold, four hundred ten silver bowls of a second kind, and one thousand other vessels. 11 All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand four hundred. Sheshbazzar brought all these up when the captives were brought up from Babylon to Jerusalem.
Scripture text: World English Bible (public domain).