Genesis 25
Big idea: A generation turns over. Abraham remarries, fathers more sons, gives them gifts, and settles everything he has on Isaac; then he dies at 175, an old man full of years, and his two eldest sons — Isaac and Ishmael, who have not appeared together since chapter 21 — bury him side by side in the cave he bought. Ishmael's line is recorded and set aside. Then the story begins again with the same problem: Rebekah is barren for twenty years. Isaac prays; she conceives twins who fight in the womb; and God tells her the thing that will drive the next twenty-five chapters — the older will serve the younger. Esau proves it himself before the day is out, trading his birthright for a bowl of red stew because he is hungry.
Chapter 25 ends with Esau despising his birthright over a meal. Chapter 26 pauses on Isaac's own life — famine, a lie, and contested wells — before chapter 27 lets Jacob take the blessing as well as the birthright.
25:1–11 — Abraham dies, full of years
Abraham takes another wife, Keturah, and fathers six more sons whose descendants become Arabian peoples. But he gives everything he has to Isaac, sending the others east with gifts while he still lives. He dies at 175, and Isaac and Ishmael together bury him with Sarah in the cave of Machpelah. After his death God blesses Isaac, who settles by Beer Lahai Roi — Hagar's well.
1 Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah. 2 She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. 3 Jokshan became the father of Sheba, and Dedan. The sons of Dedan were Asshurim, Letushim, and Leummim. 4 The sons of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the children of Keturah. 5 Abraham gave all that he had to Isaac, 6 but Abraham gave gifts to the sons of Abraham’s concubines. While he still lived, he sent them away from Isaac his son, eastward, to the east country. 7 These are the days of the years of Abraham’s life which he lived: one hundred seventy-five years. 8 Abraham gave up his spirit, and died at a good old age, an old man, and full of years, and was gathered to his people. 9 Isaac and Ishmael, his sons, buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is near Mamre, 10 the field which Abraham purchased from the children of Heth. Abraham was buried there with Sarah, his wife. 11 After the death of Abraham, God blessed Isaac, his son. Isaac lived by Beer Lahai Roi.
25:12–18 — The generations of Ishmael
Ishmael's line gets its own toledot: twelve sons who become twelve princes with their villages and encampments, exactly as promised in 17:20. Ishmael lives 137 years and is gathered to his people, and his descendants settle from Havilah to Shur, along the edge of Egypt.
12 Now this is the history of the generations of Ishmael, Abraham’s son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah’s servant, bore to Abraham. 13 These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to the order of their birth: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, 14 Mishma, Dumah, Massa, 15 Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. 16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their villages, and by their encampments: twelve princes, according to their nations. 17 These are the years of the life of Ishmael: one hundred thirty-seven years. He gave up his spirit and died, and was gathered to his people. 18 They lived from Havilah to Shur that is before Egypt, as you go toward Assyria. He lived opposite all his relatives.
25:19–26 — Two nations in the womb
The toledot of Isaac opens with the same obstacle as his father's story: Rebekah is barren. Isaac pleads with Yahweh, and after twenty years she conceives — and the children fight inside her so violently that she asks why this is happening to her. She goes to inquire of Yahweh and is given an oracle: two nations, two peoples, the elder will serve the younger. The twins are born, red and hairy Esau first, with Jacob gripping his heel.
19 This is the history of the generations of Isaac, Abraham’s son. Abraham became the father of Isaac. 20 Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Paddan Aram, the sister of Laban the Syrian, to be his wife. 21 Isaac entreated Yahweh for his wife, because she was barren. Yahweh was entreated by him, and Rebekah his wife conceived. 22 The children struggled together within her. She said, “If it is like this, why do I live?” She went to inquire of Yahweh. 23 Yahweh said to her, “Two nations are in your womb. Two peoples will be separated from your body. The one people will be stronger than the other people. The elder will serve the younger.” 24 When her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her womb. 25 The first came out red all over, like a hairy garment. They named him Esau. 26 After that, his brother came out, and his hand had hold on Esau’s heel. He was named Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them.
25:27–34 — A birthright for a bowl of stew
The boys grow into opposites, and their parents divide over them: Isaac loves Esau for his game, Rebekah loves Jacob. One day Esau comes in from the field famished and asks for some of the red stew; Jacob names his price — first sell me your birthright. Esau reasons that a birthright is worthless to a dead man, swears it away, eats, drinks, gets up and goes. The narrator's verdict is one flat sentence: so Esau despised his birthright.
27 The boys grew. Esau was a skillful hunter, a man of the field. Jacob was a quiet man, living in tents. 28 Now Isaac loved Esau, because he ate his venison. Rebekah loved Jacob. 29 Jacob boiled stew. Esau came in from the field, and he was famished. 30 Esau said to Jacob, “Please feed me with some of that red stew, for I am famished.” Therefore his name was called Edom. 31 Jacob said, “First, sell me your birthright.” 32 Esau said, “Behold, I am about to die. What good is the birthright to me?” 33 Jacob said, “Swear to me first.” He swore to him. He sold his birthright to Jacob. 34 Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil stew. He ate and drank, rose up, and went his way. So Esau despised his birthright.
Scripture text: World English Bible (public domain).