Judges 5
Big idea: One of the oldest poems in the Bible, and it tells the battle from inside. Stars fight from their courses, a river sweeps an army away, tribes are praised or shamed by name for turning up or staying home, and it ends at a window where a mother is doing arithmetic about why her son's chariot is late.
The song's last line — so let all your enemies perish — is followed immediately by Israel doing evil again. Chapter 6 opens the next cycle in the same breath.
5:1–12 — Awake, awake, Deborah
The song opens with praise for two things: leaders who led and people who volunteered freely. That pairing is the poem's standard, and it is what the roll call in the middle will measure everyone against. Then a theophany — Yahweh coming out of Seir, the earth trembling, mountains quaking — which places a local battle inside a much older story.
1 Then Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam sang on that day, saying, 2 “Because the leaders took the lead in Israel, because the people offered themselves willingly, be blessed, Yahweh! 3 “Hear, you kings! Give ear, you princes! I, even I, will sing to Yahweh. I will sing praise to Yahweh, the God of Israel. 4 “Yahweh, when you went out of Seir, when you marched out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled, the sky also dropped. Yes, the clouds dropped water. 5 The mountains quaked at Yahweh’s presence, even Sinai at the presence of Yahweh, the God of Israel. 6 “In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied. The travelers walked through byways. 7 The rulers ceased in Israel. They ceased until I, Deborah, arose; Until I arose a mother in Israel. 8 They chose new gods. Then war was in the gates. Was there a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel? 9 My heart is toward the governors of Israel, who offered themselves willingly among the people. Bless Yahweh! 10 “Speak, you who ride on white donkeys, you who sit on rich carpets, and you who walk by the way. 11 Far from the noise of archers, in the places of drawing water, there they will rehearse Yahweh’s righteous acts, the righteous acts of his rule in Israel. “Then Yahweh’s people went down to the gates. 12 ‘Awake, awake, Deborah! Awake, awake, utter a song! Arise, Barak, and lead away your captives, you son of Abinoam.’
5:13–23 — Why did you sit among the sheepfolds?
The roll call is the poem's sharpest section and it does two things at once: it praises the tribes that came — Ephraim, Benjamin, Machir, Zebulun, Issachar, Naphtali, who jeopardised their lives to the death on the heights — and it names the ones that did not, with a question each. Reuben stayed for the whistling of the flocks. Gilead stayed beyond the Jordan. Dan stayed with the ships, Asher at the shore.
13 “Then a remnant of the nobles and the people came down. Yahweh came down for me against the mighty. 14 Those whose root is in Amalek came out of Ephraim, after you, Benjamin, among your peoples. Governors come down out of Machir. Those who handle the marshal’s staff came out of Zebulun. 15 The princes of Issachar were with Deborah. As was Issachar, so was Barak. They rushed into the valley at his feet. By the watercourses of Reuben, there were great resolves of heart. 16 Why did you sit among the sheepfolds? To hear the whistling for the flocks? At the watercourses of Reuben, there were great searchings of heart. 17 Gilead lived beyond the Jordan. Why did Dan remain in ships? Asher sat still at the haven of the sea, and lived by his creeks. 18 Zebulun was a people that jeopardized their lives to the death; Naphtali also, on the high places of the field. 19 “The kings came and fought, then the kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo. They took no plunder of silver. 20 From the sky the stars fought. From their courses, they fought against Sisera. 21 The river Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. My soul, march on with strength. 22 Then the horse hoofs stamped because of the prancing, the prancing of their strong ones. 23 ‘Curse Meroz,’ said Yahweh’s angel. ‘Curse bitterly its inhabitants, because they didn’t come to help Yahweh, to help Yahweh against the mighty.’
5:24–31 — Through the window she looked out
Jael's act is retold with the milk in a bowl fit for a nobleman and the blow described four times over in slow motion — at her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay. The poem calls her most blessed of women, which is a verdict the prose account declined to give, and it is worth noticing that the book contains both.
24 “Jael shall be blessed above women, the wife of Heber the Kenite; blessed shall she be above women in the tent. 25 He asked for water. She gave him milk. She brought him butter in a lordly dish. 26 She put her hand to the tent peg, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer. With the hammer she struck Sisera. She struck through his head. Yes, she pierced and struck through his temples. 27 At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay. At her feet he bowed, he fell. Where he bowed, there he fell down dead. 28 “Through the window she looked out, and cried: Sisera’s mother looked through the lattice. ‘Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why do the wheels of his chariots wait?’ 29 Her wise ladies answered her, Yes, she returned answer to herself, 30 ‘Have they not found, have they not divided the plunder? A lady, two ladies to every man; to Sisera a plunder of dyed garments, a plunder of dyed garments embroidered, of dyed garments embroidered on both sides, on the necks of the plunder?’ 31 “So let all your enemies perish, Yahweh, but let those who love him be as the sun when it rises in its strength.” Then the land had rest forty years.
Scripture text: World English Bible (public domain).