Proverbs 11
Big idea: A run in which private character keeps having public consequences. The chapter opens on a rigged scale and closes on a paradox about giving, and in between the city keeps appearing — it rejoices, it is exalted, it is overthrown — which is unusual for a book that mostly addresses one young man. Nothing here argues with anything else; the editors have set down a stretch of couplets in which money, generosity and reputation recur.
Chapter 11 is a run where money and the city recur. Chapter 12 is another run from the same collection, weighted toward truthfulness and work.
11:1–15 — A false balance, and a city that rejoices
Fifteen couplets in which what a person is privately turns out to be a public matter. The scale in verse 1 is the key to the run: cheating is described as an abomination — cultic language, normally reserved for idolatry — because rigged weights corrupt every transaction in a town at once. The city verses (10–11) then say the same thing from the other end.
1 A false balance is an abomination to Yahweh, but accurate weights are his delight. 2 When pride comes, then comes shame, but with humility comes wisdom. 3 The integrity of the upright shall guide them, but the perverseness of the treacherous shall destroy them. 4 Riches don’t profit in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death. 5 The righteousness of the blameless will direct his way, but the wicked shall fall by his own wickedness. 6 The righteousness of the upright shall deliver them, but the unfaithful will be trapped by evil desires. 7 When a wicked man dies, hope perishes, and expectation of power comes to nothing. 8 A righteous person is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked takes his place. 9 With his mouth the godless man destroys his neighbor, but the righteous will be delivered through knowledge. 10 When it goes well with the righteous, the city rejoices. When the wicked perish, there is shouting. 11 By the blessing of the upright, the city is exalted, but it is overthrown by the mouth of the wicked. 12 One who despises his neighbor is void of wisdom, but a man of understanding holds his peace. 13 One who brings gossip betrays a confidence, but one who is of a trustworthy spirit is one who keeps a secret. 14 Where there is no wise guidance, the nation falls, but in the multitude of counselors there is victory. 15 He who is collateral for a stranger will suffer for it, but he who refuses pledges of collateral is secure.
11:16–31 — One who scatters, and increases
Sixteen couplets that keep circling one counter-intuitive claim: giving away increases, and holding on reduces. Verses 24–26 state it three ways — scattering, watering, selling grain in a shortage — and the book never explains the mechanism. It is offered as an observation about how the world runs, which is what wisdom literature is for.
16 A gracious woman obtains honor, but violent men obtain riches. 17 The merciful man does good to his own soul, but he who is cruel troubles his own flesh. 18 Wicked people earn deceitful wages, but one who sows righteousness reaps a sure reward. 19 He who is truly righteous gets life. He who pursues evil gets death. 20 Those who are perverse in heart are an abomination to Yahweh, but those whose ways are blameless are his delight. 21 Most certainly, the evil man will not be unpunished, but the offspring of the righteous will be delivered. 22 Like a gold ring in a pig’s snout, is a beautiful woman who lacks discretion. 23 The desire of the righteous is only good. The expectation of the wicked is wrath. 24 There is one who scatters, and increases yet more. There is one who withholds more than is appropriate, but gains poverty. 25 The liberal soul shall be made fat. He who waters shall be watered also himself. 26 People curse someone who withholds grain, but blessing will be on the head of him who sells it. 27 He who diligently seeks good seeks favor, but he who searches after evil, it shall come to him. 28 He who trusts in his riches will fall, but the righteous shall flourish as the green leaf. 29 He who troubles his own house shall inherit the wind. The foolish shall be servant to the wise of heart. 30 The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life. He who is wise wins souls. 31 Behold, the righteous shall be repaid on the earth, how much more the wicked and the sinner!
Scripture text: World English Bible (public domain).