Proverbs 14
Big idea: The recurring subject in this run is the gap between how something looks and how it is — a clean stall that means no ox, laughter with an ache underneath, a road that seems right and is not, a heart nobody else can read. Set among those are two of the collection's strongest lines about the poor: oppressing them is contempt aimed past them at their Maker. As throughout Solomon's collection, the couplets stand alone.
Chapter 14 is a run about appearance against reality. Chapter 15 is another from the same collection, opening on the gentle answer and returning repeatedly to speech.
14:1–17 — A way which seems right
Seventeen couplets in which the obvious reading keeps being wrong. The clean crib means no ox and therefore no harvest; laughter can sit on top of grief; a road can feel right the whole way to the end. Verse 10 is the run's quietest and most unusual: some of a person's interior is simply not available to anyone else.
1 Every wise woman builds her house, but the foolish one tears it down with her own hands. 2 He who walks in his uprightness fears Yahweh, but he who is perverse in his ways despises him. 3 The fool’s talk brings a rod to his back, but the lips of the wise protect them. 4 Where no oxen are, the crib is clean, but much increase is by the strength of the ox. 5 A truthful witness will not lie, but a false witness pours out lies. 6 A scoffer seeks wisdom, and doesn’t find it, but knowledge comes easily to a discerning person. 7 Stay away from a foolish man, for you won’t find knowledge on his lips. 8 The wisdom of the prudent is to think about his way, but the folly of fools is deceit. 9 Fools mock at making atonement for sins, but among the upright there is good will. 10 The heart knows its own bitterness and joy; he will not share these with a stranger. 11 The house of the wicked will be overthrown, but the tent of the upright will flourish. 12 There is a way which seems right to a man, but in the end it leads to death. 13 Even in laughter the heart may be sorrowful, and mirth may end in heaviness. 14 The unfaithful will be repaid for his own ways; likewise a good man will be rewarded for his ways. 15 A simple man believes everything, but the prudent man carefully considers his ways. 16 A wise man fears and shuns evil, but the fool is hot headed and reckless. 17 He who is quick to become angry will commit folly, and a crafty man is hated.
14:18–35 — He who oppresses the poor
Eighteen couplets, and two of them are as strong as anything the book says about money and power: mistreating a poor man is an insult aimed past him at the God who made him. Verse 20 sets that up honestly by first stating the social fact without approving it — the poor are avoided, the rich are surrounded — and only then, in verse 21, saying what to do about it.
18 The simple inherit folly, but the prudent are crowned with knowledge. 19 The evil bow down before the good, and the wicked at the gates of the righteous. 20 The poor person is shunned even by his own neighbor, but the rich person has many friends. 21 He who despises his neighbor sins, but he who has pity on the poor is blessed. 22 Don’t they go astray who plot evil? But love and faithfulness belong to those who plan good. 23 In all hard work there is profit, but the talk of the lips leads only to poverty. 24 The crown of the wise is their riches, but the folly of fools crowns them with folly. 25 A truthful witness saves souls, but a false witness is deceitful. 26 In the fear of Yahweh is a secure fortress, and he will be a refuge for his children. 27 The fear of Yahweh is a fountain of life, turning people from the snares of death. 28 In the multitude of people is the king’s glory, but in the lack of people is the destruction of the prince. 29 He who is slow to anger has great understanding, but he who has a quick temper displays folly. 30 The life of the body is a heart at peace, but envy rots the bones. 31 He who oppresses the poor shows contempt for his Maker, but he who is kind to the needy honors him. 32 The wicked is brought down in his calamity, but in death, the righteous has a refuge. 33 Wisdom rests in the heart of one who has understanding, and is even made known in the inward part of fools. 34 Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people. 35 The king’s favor is toward a servant who deals wisely, but his wrath is toward one who causes shame.
Scripture text: World English Bible (public domain).