Amos 4
Big idea: A satirical invitation to worship — go to Bethel and sin, bring your tithes, you love it — followed by five disasters, each one ending with the same five words. The refrain is what makes the chapter: not 'I punished you' but 'yet you didn't return to me', repeated until it becomes unbearable.
The five failures end with an appointment: prepare to meet your God. Chapter 5 opens by singing a funeral song over the nation that has to keep it.
4:1–5 — Go to Bethel and sin
The address is to the women of Samaria's upper class, and the animal image is not casual: Bashan cattle were the best-fed in the region, and the charge is a chain — they press their husbands to keep the drinks coming, and the husbands press the poor. Then the liturgical satire, delivered in the cadence of a priestly summons and pointed in the opposite direction.
1 Listen to this word, you cows of Bashan, who are on the mountain of Samaria, who oppress the poor, who crush the needy, who tell their husbands, “Bring us drinks!” 2 The Lord Yahweh has sworn by his holiness, “Behold, the days shall come on you that they will take you away with hooks, and the last of you with fish hooks. 3 You will go out at the breaks in the wall, everyone straight before her; and you will cast yourselves into Harmon,” says Yahweh. 4 “Go to Bethel, and sin; to Gilgal, and sin more. Bring your sacrifices every morning, your tithes every three days, 5 offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving of that which is leavened, and proclaim free will offerings and brag about them; for this pleases you, you children of Israel,” says the Lord Yahweh.
4:6–13 — Yet you didn't return to me
Five disasters are listed in order — famine, drought, blight, plague and war, an overthrow like Sodom's — and each is followed by the same sentence. Read as a list of punishments it is grim; read as the chapter intends, it is a list of failed attempts, and what is being described is not God's anger but God's persistence not working. The drought detail is the sharpest: rain on one town and none on the next.
6 “I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and lack of bread in every town; yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh. 7 “I also have withheld the rain from you, when there were yet three months to the harvest; and I caused it to rain on one city, and caused it not to rain on another city. One field was rained on, and the field where it didn’t rain withered. 8 So two or three cities staggered to one city to drink water, and were not satisfied; yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh. 9 “I struck you with blight and mildew many times in your gardens and your vineyards, and the swarming locusts have devoured your fig trees and your olive trees; yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh. 10 “I sent plagues among you like I did Egypt. I have slain your young men with the sword, and have carried away your horses. I filled your nostrils with the stench of your camp, yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh. 11 “I have overthrown some of you, as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and you were like a burning stick plucked out of the fire; yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh. 12 “Therefore I will do this to you, Israel; because I will do this to you, prepare to meet your God, Israel. 13 For, behold, he who forms the mountains, creates the wind, declares to man what is his thought, who makes the morning darkness, and treads on the high places of the earth: Yahweh, the God of Armies, is his name.”
Scripture text: World English Bible (public domain).