Amos 5
Big idea: The chapter is a funeral song for a nation that has not fallen yet, and inside it sit both of the book's most quoted lines: the demand that justice roll down like waters, and the announcement that God hates the festivals of the people singing to him. Three times, in the middle of the lament, the word is seek — and live.
The chapter ends with exile beyond Damascus. Chapter 6 stays in the present and describes the people who will be first onto the road, still eating lamb from the flock.
5:1–9 — Seek me, and you will live
A lament is sung over someone already dead, and Amos sings one over a kingdom at the height of its power — the virgin Israel fallen, with no one to raise her. Then the arithmetic of a decimated army. Against that, three imperatives: seek me and live, and specifically do NOT seek the sanctuaries, because Bethel will come to nothing, which in Hebrew is a pun on the name of its neighbouring town.
1 Listen to this word which I take up for a lamentation over you, O house of Israel: 2 “The virgin of Israel has fallen; She shall rise no more. She is cast down on her land; there is no one to raise her up.” 3 For the Lord Yahweh says: “The city that went out a thousand shall have a hundred left, and that which went out one hundred shall have ten left to the house of Israel.” 4 For Yahweh says to the house of Israel: “Seek me, and you will live; 5 but don’t seek Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal, and don’t pass to Beersheba; for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Bethel shall come to nothing. 6 Seek Yahweh, and you will live, lest he break out like fire in the house of Joseph, and it devour, and there be no one to quench it in Bethel. 7 You who turn justice to wormwood, and cast down righteousness to the earth! 8 Seek him who made the Pleiades and Orion, and turns the shadow of death into the morning, and makes the day dark with night; who calls for the waters of the sea, and pours them out on the surface of the earth, Yahweh is his name, 9 who brings sudden destruction on the strong, so that destruction comes on the fortress.
5:10–17 — Establish justice in the gate
The gate was the courthouse — the open space inside the city wall where cases were heard in public — so hating the man who reproves in the gate is not general rudeness, it is contempt for the one honest witness. The bribes and the grain levies are named, and then the sentence that fits them: houses of cut stone you will not live in, vineyards you will not drink from.
10 They hate him who reproves in the gate, and they abhor him who speaks blamelessly. 11 Therefore, because you trample on the poor and take taxes from him of wheat, you have built houses of cut stone, but you will not dwell in them. You have planted pleasant vineyards, but you shall not drink their wine. 12 For I know how many are your offenses, and how great are your sins— you who afflict the just, who take a bribe, and who turn away the needy in the courts. 13 Therefore a prudent person keeps silent in such a time, for it is an evil time. 14 Seek good, and not evil, that you may live; and so Yahweh, the God of Armies, will be with you, as you say. 15 Hate evil, love good, and establish justice in the courts. It may be that Yahweh, the God of Armies, will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph.” 16 Therefore Yahweh, the God of Armies, the Lord, says: “Wailing will be in all the wide ways. They will say in all the streets, ‘Alas! Alas!’ They will call the farmer to mourning, and those who are skillful in lamentation to wailing. 17 In all vineyards there will be wailing, for I will pass through the middle of you,” says Yahweh.
5:18–27 — Let justice roll on like rivers
The first surprise is that people were LOOKING FORWARD to the day of Yahweh — they expected a national vindication — and Amos tells them it will be darkness, illustrated by a man who escapes a lion, meets a bear, gets home, leans on the wall and is bitten by a snake. The second surprise is what follows: God refusing the worship of the people he is addressing, in the first person and without qualification.
18 “Woe to you who desire the day of Yahweh! Why do you long for the day of Yahweh? It is darkness, and not light. 19 As if a man fled from a lion, and a bear met him; or he went into the house and leaned his hand on the wall, and a snake bit him. 20 Won’t the day of Yahweh be darkness, and not light? Even very dark, and no brightness in it? 21 I hate, I despise your feasts, and I can’t stand your solemn assemblies. 22 Yes, though you offer me your burnt offerings and meal offerings, I will not accept them; neither will I regard the peace offerings of your fat animals. 23 Take away from me the noise of your songs! I will not listen to the music of your harps. 24 But let justice roll on like rivers, and righteousness like a mighty stream. 25 “Did you bring to me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, house of Israel? 26 You also carried the tent of your king and the shrine of your images, the star of your god, which you made for yourselves. 27 Therefore I will cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus,” says Yahweh, whose name is the God of Armies.
Scripture text: World English Bible (public domain).